Appendix A
Glossary of Lay Terms for Use
in Preparing Protocols for the IRB
A B C
D E F
G H I
L M N
O P Q
R
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A
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ABSORB
|
Take
up fluids, take in
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ACIDOSIS
|
Condition
when blood contains more acid than normal
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ACUITY
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Clearness,
keenness, esp. of vision - airways
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ACUTE
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New,
recent, sudden
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ADENOPATHY
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Swollen
lymph nodes (glands)
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ADJUVANT
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Helpful,
assisting, aiding
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ADJUVANT
TREATMENT
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Added
treatment
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ANTIBIOTIC
|
Drug
that kills bacteria and other germs
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ANTIMICROBIAL
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Drug
that kills bacteria and other germs
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ADVERSE
EFFECT
|
Side
effect
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ALLERGIC
REACTION
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Rash,
trouble breathing
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AMBULATE
-ATION -ORY
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Walk,
able to walk
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ANAPHYLAXIS
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Serious,
potentially life threatening allergic reaction
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ANEMIA
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Decreased
red blood cells, low red blood cell count
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ANESTHETIC,
(general)
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A
drug or agent used to
decrease the feeling of pain
or eliminate the feeling of pain by putting you to sleep
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ANESTHETIC,
(local)
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A
drug or agent used to decrease the feeling of pain or by numbing an area
of your body, without putting you to sleep
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ANGINA
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Pain
resulting from insufficient blood to the heart
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ANGINA
PECTORIS
|
Same
as above
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ANTECUBITAL
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Area
inside the elbow
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ANTIBODY
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Protein
made in the body in response to foreign substance; attacks the foreign
substance and protects from infection
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ANTICONVULSANT
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Drug
used to prevent seizures
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ANTILIPIDEMIC
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A
drug that decreases the level of fat(s) in the blood
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ANTITUSSIVE
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A
drug used to relieve coughing
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ARRHYTHMIA
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Any
change from the normal heartbeat (abnormal heartbeat)
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ASPIRATION
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Fluid
entering lungs following vomiting
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ASSAY
|
Lab
test
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ASSESS
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To
learn about
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ASTHMA
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A
lung disease associated with tightening of the air passages
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ASYMPTOMATIC
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Without
symptoms
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AXILLA
|
Armpit
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B
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BENIGN
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Not
malignant, usually without serious consequences, but with some exceptions
e/g/ benign brain tumor may have serious consequences
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BINDING/BOUND
|
Carried
by, to make stick together, transported
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BIOAVAILABILITY
|
The
extent to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the body
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BLOOD
PROFILE
|
Series
of blood tests
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BOLUS
|
An
amount given all at once
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BONE
MASS
|
The
amount of [calcium in a given amount of] bone
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BRADYARRHYTHMIAS
|
Slow
irregular heart beats
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BRADYCARDIA
|
Slow
heartbeat
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BRONCHOSPASM
|
Breathing
distress caused by narrowing of the airways
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C
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CARCINOGENIC
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Capable
of causing cancer
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CARCINOMA
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Type
of cancer
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CARDIAC
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Pertains
to the heart
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CARDIOVERSION
|
Restoration
of normal heart beat by electric shock
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CARIES
|
Cavities
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CATHETER
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A
tube for withdrawing or introducing fluids
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CATHETER
-(indwelling epidural)
|
A
tube placed near the spinal cord used for anesthesia during operation
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CEREBRAL
TRAUMA
|
Damage
to the brain
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CHD
|
Coronary
heart disease
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CHEMOTHERAPY
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Treatment
of disease, usually cancer, by chemical agents
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CHRONIC
|
Continuing
for a long time
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CLINICAL
|
Pertaining
to medical care
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CLINICAL
TRIAL
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An
experiment in patients
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COMPLETE
RESPONSE
|
Total
disappearance of disease
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CONSOLIDATION
PHASE
|
Treatment
phase intended
to make
a remission permanent,
follows induction
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CONTROLLED
TRIAL
|
Study
in which the experimental treatment of procedure is compared to a standard
(control) treatment or procedure
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COOPERATIVE
GROUP
|
Association
of multiple institutions to perform clinical trials
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CORONARY
|
Pertains
to the blood vessels that supply the heart
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CT
SCAN (CAT)
(computerized tomography)
|
Computerized
series of x-rays
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CULTURE
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Test
for infection or organisms that could cause infection
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CVA
(cerebrovascular accident)
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Stroke
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D
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DIASTOLIC
|
Lower
number in blood pressure reading
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DISTAL
|
Toward
the end, away from the center of the body
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DIURETIC
|
“Water
pill” or drug that causes increase in urination
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DOPPLER
|
Sound
waves
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DOUBLE
BLIND
|
Study
in which neither investigators nor participants know what drug the subject
is receiving
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DYSPLASIA
|
Abnormal
cells
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E
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ECHOCARDIOGRAM
|
Sound
wave test of the heart
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EDEMA
|
Increase
fluid
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EEG
(electroencephalogram)
|
Electric
brainwave tracing
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EFFICACY
|
Effectiveness
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ELECTROCARDIOGRAM
(ECG or EKG)
|
Electrical
tracing of heartbeat
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ELECTROLYTE
IMBALANCE
|
Imbalance
of minerals in the blood
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EMESIS
|
Vomiting
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EMPIRIC
|
Based
on experience
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ENDOSCOPIC
|
Examination
of an
internal part
of the
body with
a
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EXAMINATION
|
lighted
tube; looking at a part of the body with a lighted tube
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ENTERNAL
|
By
way of the intestines
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EPIDURAL
|
Outside
the spinal cord
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EXPEDIATED
REVIEW
|
Rapid
review of a protocol by the IRB chair without full committee approval ,
permitted with certain low-risk research
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EXTRAVASATE
|
To
leak outside of a blood vessel
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F
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FDA
|
U.S.
Food and Drug Administration, the branch of the federal government which
approves new drugs
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FIBRILLATION
|
Irregular
beat of the heart or other muscle
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G
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GENERAL
ANESTHESIA
|
Pain
prevention by induction of drugged sleep, as in surgery
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H
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HEMATOCRIT
|
Amount
of red blood cells in the blood
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DEMATOMA
|
A
bruise, a black and blue mark
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HEMODYNAMIC
MEASURING
|
Measuring
of blood flow
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HEMOLYSIS
|
Breakdown
in red blood cells
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HEPARIN
LOCK
|
Needle
placed in the arm with blood thinner to keep the blood from clotting
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HEPATOMA
|
Cancer
or tumor of the liver
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HOLTER
MONITOR
|
A
portable machine for recording heart beats
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HYPERCALCEMIA
|
High
blood calcium level
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HYPERKALEMIA
|
High
blood potassium level
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HYPERNATREMIA
|
High
blood sodium level
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HYPERTENSION
|
High
blood pressure
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HYPOCALCEMIA
|
Low
blood calcium level
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HYPOKALEMIA
|
Low
blood potassium level
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HYPONATREMIA
|
Low
blood sodium level
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HYPOTENSION
|
Low
blood pressure
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HYPOXEMIA
|
A
decrease of oxygen in the blood
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HYPOXIA
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A
decrease of oxygen in the blood
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I
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IATROGENIC
|
Caused
by a physician or by treatment
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IDE
|
Investigational
device exemption, the license to test an unapproved new medical device
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IDIOPATHIC
|
Of
unknown cause
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IMMUNOGLOBULIN
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A
protein that makes antibodies
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IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE
|
Drug
which suppresses the body’s immune response, used in transplantation and
diseases caused by disordered immunity
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IMMUNOTHERAPY
|
Giving
of drugs to help the body’s immune (protective) system; usually used to
destroy cancer cells
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IND
|
Investigational
new drug, the license to test an unapproved new drug
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INDUCTION
PHASE
|
Beginning
phase or stage of a treatment
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INDURATION
|
Hardening
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INFARCT
|
Death
of tissue because of lack of blood supply
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INFUSION
|
Introduction
of a substance into the body, usually into the blood
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INGESTION
|
Eating;
taking by mouth
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INTRAMUSCULAR
|
Into
the muscle; within the muscle
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INTRATHECAL
|
Into
the spinal fluid
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INTRAVENOUS
(IV)
|
Through
the vein
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INTRAVESICAL
|
In
the bladder
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INTUBATE
|
The
placement of a tube into the airway
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INVASIVE
PROCEDURE
|
Puncture,
opening or cutting of the skin
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ISCHEMIA
|
Decreased
oxygen in a tissue (usually because of decreased blood flow)
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L
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LEUCOPENIA
|
Low
white blood cell count
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LIPID
CONTENT
|
Fat
content in the blood
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LOCAL
ANESTHESIA
|
Creation
of insensitivity to pain in a small, local area of the body
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LOCALIZED
|
Restricted
to one area, limited to one area
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LUMEN
|
The
cavity of an organ or tube (e.g., blood vessel)
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LYMPHANGIOGRAPHY
|
An
x-ray of the lymph nodes or tissues after injection of dye in lymph
vessels (e.g., in feet)
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LYMPHOCYTE
|
A
type of white blood cell important in immunity and defense against
infection
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LYMPHOMA
|
A
cancer of the lymph nodes (or tissues)
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M
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MALAISE
|
A
vague feeling of bodily discomfort, feeling bad
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MALIGNANCY
|
Cancer
or other progressively enlarging and spreading tumor, usually fatal if not
successfully treated
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MEDULLOBLASTOMA
|
A
type of brain tumor
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MEGALOBLASTOSIS
|
Change
in red blood cells
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METABOLIZE
|
Process
of breaking down substances in the cells to obtain energy
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METASTASIS
|
Spread
of cancer cells from one part of the body to another
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MI
|
Myocardial
infarction
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MINIMAL
|
Slight;
the smallest increment of risk.
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MINIMIZE
|
Reduce
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MONITOR
|
Check
on; keep track of; watch carefully
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MOBILITY
|
Ease
of movement
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MORBIDITY
|
Undesired
result or complication
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MORTALITY
|
Death
or death rate
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MOTILITY
|
The
ability to move
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MRI
|
Magnetic
resonance imaging, body pictures created using magnetic rather than x-ray
energy
|
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MUCOSA,
MUCOUS MEMBRANE
|
Moist
lining of digestive, respiratory, reproductive, and urinary tracts
|
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MULTIPLE
PROJECT ASSURANCE
|
Agreement
between institutions and
OHRP regarding
institutional policies on the use of human participants in research
|
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MYOCARDIAL
|
Pertaining
to the heart
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MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION
|
Heart
attack
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N
|
|
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NASOGASTRIC
TUBE
|
Tube
from the nose to the stomach
|
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NCI
|
The
National Cancer Institute
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NECROSIS
|
Death
of tissue
|
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NEOPLASIA
|
Tumor,
may be benign or malignant
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NEUROBLASTOMA
|
A
cancer of nerve tissue
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NEUTROPENIA
|
Decrease
in the main part of the white blood cells
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NIH
|
The
National Institutes of Health
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NON-INVASIVE
|
Not
breaking, cutting or entering the skin
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NOSOCOMIAL
PNEUMONIA
|
Pneumonia
acquired in the hospital
|
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O
|
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OCCLUSION
|
Closing;
obstruction
|
|
OHRP
|
Office
of Human Research Protections, Department of Health and Human Services,
oversees IRBs and related matters (formerly OPRR)
|
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ONCOLOGY
|
The
study of tumors for cancer
|
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OPHTHALMIC
|
Pertaining
to the eye
|
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OPTIMAL
|
Best,
most favorable or desirable
|
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ORAL
ADMINISTRATION
|
By
mouth
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ORTHOPEDIC
|
Pertaining
to the bones
|
|
OSTEOPETROSIS
|
Rare
bone disorder characterized by dense bone
|
|
OSTEOPOROSIS
|
Softening
of the bones
|
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OVARIES
|
Female
sex glands
|
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P
|
|
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PARENTERAL
|
Administration
by injection
|
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PATENCY
|
Condition
of being open
|
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PATHOGENESIS
|
Causative
mechanism in a disease
|
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PERCUTANEOUS
|
Through
the skin
|
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PHARMACOKINETICS
|
The
study of the way the body absorbs, distributes and gets rid of a drug
|
|
PHASE
I
|
Initial
study of a new drug in humans to determine limits of tolerance
|
|
PHASE
II
|
Second
phase of study of a new drug intended to obtain initial information
|
|
PHASE
III
|
Large
scale trials to confirm and expand information on safety and usefulness of
a new drug
|
|
PHLEBITIS
|
Irritation
or inflammation of the vein
|
|
PLACEBO
|
A
substance of no medical value; an inactive substance
|
|
PLACEBO
EFFECT
|
Phenomenon
of improvement seen with the administration of a placebo
|
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PLATELETS
|
Small
particles in the blood that help with clotting
|
|
POTENTIATE
|
Increase
or multiply the effect of a drug or toxin by administration of another
drug or toxin at the same time
|
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POTENTIATOR
|
An
agent that helps another agent work better
|
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PROPHYLAXIS
|
A
drug given to prevent disease or infection
|
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PER
OS (PO)
|
By
mouth
|
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PRN
|
As
needed
|
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PROGNOSIS
|
Outlook,
probable outcomes
|
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PRONE
|
Lying
on the stomach
|
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PROSPECTIVE
STUDY
|
Study
following patients forward in time
|
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PROTOCOL
|
Plan
of study
|
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PROXIMAL
|
Closer
to the center of the body, away from the end
|
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PULMONARY
|
Pertaining
to the lungs
|
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R
|
|
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RADIATION
THERAPY
|
X-ray
or cobalt treatment
|
|
RANDOM
|
By
chance
|
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RANDOMIZATION
|
Change
selection
|
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RBC
|
Red
blood cell
|
|
RECOMBINANT
|
Formation
of new combinations of genes
|
|
RECONSTITUTION
|
Putting
back together the original parts or elements
|
|
REFRACTORY
|
Not
responding to treatment
|
|
REGENERATION
|
Regrowth
of a structure or of lost tissue
|
|
RELAPSE
|
The
return of a disease
|
|
REMISSION
|
Disappearance
of evidence of cancer or other disease
|
|
RENAL
|
Pertaining
to the kidneys
|
|
REPLICABLE
|
Possible
to duplicate
|
|
RESECT
|
Remove
or cut out surgically
|
|
RETROSPECTIVE
STUDY
|
Study
looking back over past experience
|
